

- surname
- cognome м.


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- Since 1901 titles of cavaliere al merito del lavoro (Knight for Merit at Work) have been awarded, first by the King of Italy, then by the President of the Republic, to reward contributions to the development of economic activities. So, successful businessmen often used the title of cavaliere in front of their surname in the past, and some still do so today. Another widely used title is commendatore, which until recently has been used in common parlance as a generic title for wealthy people.


- surname
- cognome м.


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- In formal situations, a man should be addressed as 'signor' plus the surname; for a woman use 'signora', or 'signorina' if she is very young; both of these can be used without the surname. Italians regard professional titles as very important and these are often used instead of 'signor' or 'signora.' It is therefore usual to refer to a lawyer, for example, as 'l'avvocato Rossi.' The titles dottore / dottoressa are widely used as titles for anyone who has a university degree. Other common titles are professore / professoressa for teachers, ragioniere / ragioniera, architetto and ingegnere.
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- In formal situations, a man should be addressed as 'signor' plus the surname; for a woman use 'signora', or 'signorina' if she is very young; both of these can be used without the surname. Italians regard professional titles as very important and these are often used instead of 'signor' or 'signora.' It is therefore usual to refer to a lawyer, for example, as 'l'avvocato Rossi.' The titles dottore / dottoressa are widely used as titles for anyone who has a university degree. Other common titles are professore / professoressa for teachers, ragioniere / ragioniera, architetto and ingegnere.