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- The Catalan national day, September 11. The Diada celebrates the historical development of the Catalan government, the Generalitat, which has been abolished and restored several times and is symbolic of Catalan nationalism. On this day senyeras, Catalan national flags, are flown from many houses and official buildings. Flowers are laid at the monument to Rafael de Casanovas, who died defending Catalan freedom against centralist Spain, and the national anthem of Catalonia, Els Segadors, is sung.
- Generación del 27
- The name applied to the loose grouping of writers who became prominent in Spain in the late 1920s, 1927 being the third centennial of the death of the Golden Age poet Luis de Góngora. The best known among them are Federico García Lorca, Rafael Alberti, Gerardo Diego, Pedro Salinas, Dámaso Alonso, Jorge Guillén, Manuel Altolaguirre. Among the influences some or all of them shared were traditional poetic and musical forms, folk verse, flamenco, the cinema, surrealism. Many of them were politically active.
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