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- A teaching qualification, awarded by competitive examination or concours, which is normally required to teach in a collège or lycée. Preparation for the CAPES can be course-based at a specialist teacher-training institution (IUFM) or can be prepared for independently by candidates. Those who succeed in gaining the qualification are known as capésiens and are committed to five years of service in a state school. → IUFM
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- A nationwide ‘open day’ celebrating French cultural heritage, during which monuments, buildings and sites of national significance normally closed to the public are open to visitors. Buildings such as the presidential and prime ministerial residences at the Élysée and Matignon respectively, as well as over 10, 000 other national sites and monuments have been attracting millions of visitors every year since 1983 when the Journée du patrimoine was inaugurated.


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