SCRATCH BY - Перевод английский на итальянский

scratch by ГЛ. [skratʃ -]

scratch by → scratch along

scratch along ГЛ. [skratʃ -]

scratch along

tirare avanti, sbarcare il lunario

Scratch [брит. skratʃ, америк. skrætʃ] СУЩ.

the Old Scratch

= il Diavolo

I. scratch [брит. skratʃ, америк. skrætʃ] СУЩ.

1. scratch:

scratch (wound)

graffio м.

scratch (wound)

graffiatura ж.

scratch (from a claw, fingernail)

graffio м.

to escape without a scratch

uscirne senza un graffio

I got a scratch from a cat

un gatto mi ha graffiato

2. scratch (mark):

scratch (on metal, furniture, record, glass)

graffio м.

scratch (on metal, furniture, record, glass)

riga ж.

3. scratch (action to relieve an itch):

to have a scratch

grattarsi or darsi una grattata

to give one's arm, foot a scratch

grattarsi un braccio, un piede

4. scratch (sound):

scratch

stridio м. , (il) grattare

5. scratch (satisfaction, standard) разг.:

he, his work is not up to scratch

lui, il suo lavoro non è all'altezza

to keep sth up to scratch

mantenere qc a un livello accettabile or al livello richiesto

6. scratch (zero):

to start from scratch

cominciare da zero

to plan, study sth from scratch

progettare, studiare qc partendo da zero

7. scratch СПОРТ:

scratch

scratch м.

scratch

linea ж. di partenza

II. scratch [брит. skratʃ, америк. skrætʃ] ПРИЛ.

scratch team

raccogliticcio, improvvisato

scratch meal

improvvisato, fatto alla meglio

he's a scratch golfer

è un golfista improvvisato

III. scratch [брит. skratʃ, америк. skrætʃ] ГЛ. перех.

1. scratch (cancel):

scratch race, meeting

cancellare

2. scratch ИНФОРМ. (delete):

scratch file

cancellare

3. scratch (trace):

to scratch one's initials on sth

incidere le proprie iniziali su qc

to scratch a line in the soil

tracciare una linea nella terra

4. scratch (wound):

scratch cat, person: person

graffiare

scratch thorns, rosebush: person

graffiare

to get scratched (by cat)

farsi graffiare

to get scratched (by thorns)

graffiarsi

5. scratch (react to itch):

scratch spot

grattare

to scratch one's arm, chin

grattarsi un braccio, il mento

to scratch an itch

grattarsi

to scratch sb's back

grattare la schiena a qn

to scratch one's head

grattarsi la testa

to scratch one's head перенос.

essere perplesso or mostrare perplessità

6. scratch (damage):

scratch person, branch: car

rigare, graffiare

scratch cat: furniture

farsi le unghie su

scratch person, toy: furniture, wood

graffiare, scalfire

scratch person: record

graffiare, rigare

the table is all scratched

il tavolo è tutto graffiato

7. scratch СПОРТ (withdraw):

scratch horse, competitor

ritirare da una gara

IV. scratch [брит. skratʃ, америк. skrætʃ] ГЛ. неперех.

1. scratch (relieve itch):

scratch person:

grattarsi

2. scratch (inflict injury):

scratch person, cat:

graffiare

V. to scratch oneself ГЛ. возвр. гл.

to scratch oneself dog, person:

to scratch oneself

grattarsi

VI. scratch [брит. skratʃ, америк. skrætʃ]

to scratch a living from the soil

guadagnarsi a stento da vivere coltivando la terra

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours

una mano lava l'altra

scratch a translator and you'll find a writer underneath!

in ogni traduttore si nasconde uno scrittore!

I. by [брит. bʌɪ, америк. baɪ] ПРЕДЛОГ

1. by (showing agent, result):

by

da

he was bitten by a snake

è stato morso da un serpente

the house was designed by an architect

la casa è stata disegnata da un architetto

a building destroyed by fire

un edificio distrutto dal fuoco

we were overwhelmed by the news

fummo sconvolti dalla notizia

any money paid by you will be reimbursed

vi sarà rimborsata l'intera somma da voi pagata

2. by (through the means of):

by

in, per, con

to travel by bus, train

viaggiare in autobus, in treno

by bicycle

in bicicletta

to pay by cheque

pagare con assegno

you can reach me by phone

può contattarmi per or tramite telefono

by working extra hours, he was able to earn more money

facendo dello straordinario, riuscì a guadagnare di più

by selling some valuables, she was able to raise some money

vendendo degli oggetti di valore, è riuscita a procurarsi un po' di denaro

to begin by saying that …

cominciare dicendo or col dire che …

by candlelight dine, read

a lume di candela

I know her by sight

la conosco di vista

I took him by the hand

l'ho preso per mano

he grabbed me by the hair

mi afferrò per i capelli

she was holding it by the handle

la teneva per il manico

he has two children by his first wife

ha due figli dalla prima moglie

3. by (according to, from evidence of):

by

secondo

by

a

by my watch it is three o'clock

al mio orologio sono le tre

I could tell by the look on her face that she was angry

si vedeva che era arrabbiata dall'espressione del suo volto

what did you understand by her remarks?

che cosa hai capito delle sue osservazioni?

I knew him by his walk

l'ho riconosciuto dalla sua andatura

it's all right by me

per me va bene

4. by (via, passing through):

by

attraverso, per, tramite, da

we entered by the back door

siamo entrati dalla porta di servizio

we'll get there quicker if we go by Birmingham

ci arriveremo più velocemente se passeremo da Birmingham

we travelled to Rome by Venice and Florence

siamo andati a Roma via Venezia e Firenze

5. by (near, beside):

by

presso, vicino a, accanto a

by the bed, the window

accanto al letto, alla finestra

by the sea

in riva al mare

come and sit by me

vieni a sederti accanto a me

6. by (past):

to go or passò by sb

passare davanti or accanto a qn

she walked by me

pass davanti a me

they passed us by in their car

ci sono passati davanti in macchina

please let us get by

per favore, lasciateci passare

7. by (showing authorship):

by

di

a film by Stanley Kubrik

un film di Stanley Kubrik

a novel by Virginia Woolf

un romanzo di Virginia Woolf

who is it by?

di chi è?

8. by (before, not later than):

by

per

by

entro

it must be done by four o'clock, next Thursday

deve essere fatto entro or per le quattro, entro or per giovedì prossimo

by this time next week

la prossima settimana a quest'ora or di qui a una settimana

by the time she had got downstairs he was gone

quando scese era già uscito

he ought to be here by now

ormai or a quest'ora dovrebbe essere qui

by now it was clear that they were going to win

era ormai chiaro che avrebbero vinto

but by then it was too late

ma ormai era troppo tardi

9. by (during):

by day as well as by night

sia di giorno che di notte

by daylight

di giorno or alla luce del giorno

by moonlight

al chiaro di luna

10. by (according to):

forbidden by law

proibito per legge

to play by the rules

giocare secondo le regole

it seems primitive by western standards

sembra primitivo per gli standard occidentali

11. by (to the extent or degree of):

by

di

prices have risen by 20%

i prezzi sono aumentati del 20%

he's taller than me by two centimetres

è due centimetri più alto di me or è più alto di me di due centimetri

by far

è di gran lunga

she is by far the cleverest, the youngest

di gran lunga la più intelligente, la più giovane

it's better by far

è di gran lunga migliore

12. by (in measurements):

by

per

a room 20 metres by 10 metres

una stanza di 20 metri per 10

13. by МАТЕМ. (in multiplication, division):

by

per

10 multiplied by 5 is 50

10 moltiplicato per 5 fa 50

14. by (showing rate, quantity):

by

a

to be paid by the hour

essere pagato a ore

by the dozen

a dozzine

15. by (in successive degrees, units):

little by little

poco a poco

day by day

giorno per or dopo giorno or di giorno in giorno

one by one

uno a uno or uno alla volta

16. by (with regard to):

by

di

he is an architect by profession or trade

di professione fa l'architetto

by birth

di nascita

17. by (as a result of):

by

per

by mistake

per errore

by chance

per caso, casualmente

18. by (used with reflexive pronouns):

he did it all by himself

l'ha fatto tutto da solo

she was sitting by herself

era seduta in disparte

19. by (in promises, oaths):

by God, I could kill him!

per Dio, potrei ucciderlo!

I swear by heaven

in nome del cielo

20. by МОР. (in compass directions):

south by south-west

sud-sud-ovest

II. by [брит. bʌɪ, америк. baɪ] НАРЕЧ.

1. by (past):

to go by

passare

the people walking by

la gente che passa or i passanti

he walked on by without stopping

passò senza fermarsi

a lot of time has gone by since then

molto tempo è passato da allora

as time goes by

col (passare del) tempo

2. by (near):

by

vicino

by

accanto

he lives close by

abita vicino

3. by (aside, in reserve):

to put money by

mettere da parte i soldi

4. by (to one's house):

come by for a drink

passa a bere qualcosa

she called by during the week

è passata in settimana

III. by [брит. bʌɪ, америк. baɪ] ПРИЛ. attrib. редко

by

secondario

by

indiretto

by effect

effetto secondario

IV. by [брит. bʌɪ, америк. baɪ]

by and by (in past)

di lì a poco

by and by (in future)

presto or fra breve or tra poco

by the by or by the bye

incidentalmente or a proposito

but that's by the by

ma questo c'entra poco

by and large

nell'insieme, nel complesso

I. scratch [skrætʃ] СУЩ.

1. scratch (cut on skin):

scratch

graffio м.

2. scratch (mark):

scratch

riga ж.

3. scratch (act of scratching):

scratch

grattata ж.

4. scratch (start):

scratch

inizio м.

from scratch

da zero

II. scratch [skrætʃ] ГЛ. перех.

1. scratch (cut slightly):

scratch

graffiare

2. scratch (mark):

scratch

rigare

3. scratch (relieve itch):

scratch

grattare

4. scratch (erase):

scratch

raschiare

5. scratch (exclude):

scratch

ritirare

6. scratch разг. (cancel):

scratch

cancellare

7. scratch (write):

scratch

incidere

III. scratch [skrætʃ] ГЛ. неперех.

1. scratch (use claws):

scratch cat

graffiare

2. scratch (relieve itch):

scratch

grattarsi

IV. scratch [skrætʃ] ПРИЛ.

scratch

improvvisato, -a

I. by [baɪ] ПРЕДЛОГ

1. by (near):

by

vicino a

close [or near] by …

vicino a …

to be/stand by …

essere/stare vicino a …

by the sea

sul mare

2. by (at):

by

presso

to remain by sb for two days

restare presso qu per due giorni

3. by (during):

by day/night

durante il giorno/la notte

by moonlight

al chiaro di luna

4. by (at the latest time):

by

entro

by tomorrow/midnight

entro domani/la mezzanotte

by now [or then]

ormai

5. by (cause):

by

da

a novel by Joyce

un romanzo di Joyce

to be killed by sth/sb

essere uccisio da qc/qu

surrounded by dogs

circondato da cani

6. by (through means of):

by train/plane/bus

in treno/aereo/autobus

made by hand

fatto a mano

to hold sb by the arm

tenere qu per il braccio

by doing sth

facendo qc

7. by (through):

by chance/mistake

per caso/sbaglio

8. by (under):

to call sb/sth by their/its name

chiamare qu/qc per nome

what does he mean by that?

che cosa vuol dire con ciò?

9. by (alone):

to be by oneself

stare da solo

to do sth by oneself

fare qc da solo

10. by (as promise to):

to swear by God/sth

giurare su Dio/qc

11. by (in measurement, arithmetic):

to buy by the kilo/dozen

comprare a chili/dozzine

to divide by 6

dividere per 6

to increase by 10%

aumentare del 10%

to multiply by 4

moltiplicare per 4

paid by the hour/day

pagato a ore/a giornata

4 feet by 6

4 piedi per 6

one by one

uno a uno

12. by (from the perspective of):

to judge by appearances

giudicare dalle apparenze

all right by me разг.

per me, va bene

II. by [baɪ] НАРЕЧ.

1. by (aside):

by

vicino

to put [or lay] sth by

mettere qc da parte

2. by (in a while):

by and by

fra poco

3. by (past):

to go/pass by

passare

Выражения:

by and large

in generale

Present

I	scratch
you	scratch
he/she/it	scratches
we	scratch
you	scratch
they	scratch

Past

I	scratched
you	scratched
he/she/it	scratched
we	scratched
you	scratched
they	scratched

Present Perfect

I	have	scratched
you	have	scratched
he/she/it	has	scratched
we	have	scratched
you	have	scratched
they	have	scratched

Past Perfect

I	had	scratched
you	had	scratched
he/she/it	had	scratched
we	had	scratched
you	had	scratched
they	had	scratched