BY - Перевод английский на испанский

I. by [америк. baɪ, брит. bʌɪ] ПРЕДЛОГ by often appears as the second element of certain verb structures in English (abide by, get by, stand by, etc). For translations, see the relevant verb entry (abide, get, stand, etc).

1.1. by (not later than):

her father told her to be in by 11: el padre le dijo que volviera antes de las 11 or que a las 11 estuviera en casa

they should be there by now: ya deberían estar allí

will it be ready by 5?: ¿estará listo para las 5?

by the time he arrived, most of the others had left: cuando llegó, casi todos los demás se habían ido

1.2. by (during, at):

by day he's a bank clerk and by night a barman: de día es empleado bancario y de noche barman

by day the streets are deserted: durante el día or de día las calles están desiertas

Rome by night: Roma nocturna

Rome by night: Roma de noche

2.1. by (at the side of, near to):

by: al lado de

by: junto a

she went and sat by Neil: fue y se sentó al lado de Neil or junto a Neil

come and sit by me: ven a sentarte a mi lado

come and sit by me: ven a sentarte junto a mí

come and sit by me: ven a sentarte al lado mío спорн.

we spent the day by the sea: pasamos el día en la playa or junto al mar

it's right by the door: está justo al lado de la puerta

in the cafe by the station: en el café de al lado de la estación

2.2. by (to hand) америк.:

I always keep some money by me: siempre llevo algo de dinero encima

do you have the letter by you?: ¿tiene (usted) la carta (consigo)?

3.1. by (past):

I said hello, but he walked right by me: lo saludé pero él pasó de largo

I think we've already gone by the house: creo que ya hemos pasado la casa

let's go around by the canal: demos la vuelta por el canal

3.2. by (via, through):

by: por

I came in by the back door: entré por la puerta de atrás

by land/sea/air: por tierra/mar/avión

4. by (indicating agent, cause):

by with passive verbs The passive voice is, however, less common in Spanish than it is in English: por

she was brought up by her grandmother: la crió su abuela

she was brought up by her grandmother: fue criada por su abuela

blonde hair bleached by the sun: pelo rubio aclarado por el sol

she was haunted by his memory: su recuerdo la atormentaba

we were forgotten by all our friends: todos nuestros amigos se olvidaron de nosotros

she was accompanied by several members of her family: iba acompañada de varios familiares

a play by Shakespeare: una obra de Shakespeare

it was written by Pinter: fue escrita por Pinter

5.1. by (indicating means, method):

made by hand: hecho a mano

to travel by car/train/plane: viajar en coche/tren/avión

to pay by credit card: pagar con tarjeta de crédito

I sent the letter by registered mail: envié la carta por correo certificado

please reply by return of mail or брит. return of post: le rogamos nos conteste a vuelta de correo

she was reading by the light of a candle: leía a la luz de una vela

to navigate by the stars: guiarse por las estrellas

by moonlight: a la luz de la luna

she grabbed me by the arm: me agarró del brazo

by -ing you won't get anywhere by being negative: no vas a conseguir nada con esa actitud tan negativa

I'll begin by introducing myself: empezaré por presentarme

5.2. by (owing to, from):

by an amazing coincidence: por una de esas casualidades

she is Spanish by birth: es española de nacimiento

he had two children by his second wife: tuvo dos hijos con or de su segunda mujer

by -ing by specializing, she has limited her options: al especializarse, ha restringido sus posibilidades

by being too extreme, they have lost public support: por ser demasiado extremistas, han perdido apoyo popular

6.1. by (according to):

by that clock it's almost half past: según ese reloj son casi y media

it's a good offer by any standards: es una buena oferta se mire por donde se mire

judging by what you say: a juzgar por lo que dices

I'm only going by what I heard: solo me baso en lo que he oído

by the look of things, we're too late: por lo visto or al parecer hemos llegado demasiado tarde

is it all right by you if I smoke?: ¿te importa si fumo?

that's fine by me: por mí no hay problema

6.2. by in межд. phrases:

I swear by all that's holy, I never touched a hair of her head: juro por lo más sagrado que no le puse un dedo encima

by God, you'll be sorry you said that!: te juro que te vas a arrepentir de haber dicho eso

by heck, what a fuss over nothing! разг.: ¡Jesús! ¡cuánto lío por nada!

7.1. by (indicating rate):

by: por

to sell/buy sth by the meter/kilo: vender/comprar algo por metro(s)/kilo(s)

we are paid by the hour/batch: nos pagan por hora(s)/lote

we gathered apples by the bagful: recogimos bolsas y bolsas de manzanas

they make them by the thousand: hacen miles y miles de ellos

7.2. by (indicating extent of difference):

she broke the record by several seconds: batió el récord en or por varios segundos

I'm taller than you by an inch or two: te llevo una pulgada o dos

I'm taller than you by an inch or two: soy una pulgada o dos más alto que tú

we missed the train by seconds: perdimos el tren por unos segundos

the price has gone up by $500 in a year: el precio ha subido 500 dólares en un año

her popularity has fallen by three per cent: su popularidad ha disminuido (en) un tres por ciento

7.3. by (indicating gradual progression):

one by one: uno por uno

they went in two by two: entraron de dos en dos

they went in two by two: entraron de a dos Юж.конус

you have to learn step by step: tienes que aprender paso a paso

he grows worse day by day: cada día está peor

he grows worse day by day: empeora día a día

little by little: poco a poco

little by little: de a poco Юж.конус

8. by МАТЕМ.:

by: por

multiply two by three: multiplica dos por tres

divide six by three: divide seis por or entre tres

a room 20ft by 12ft: una habitación de 20 pies por 12

9. by (in compass directions):

north by northeast: nornor(d)este

Выражения:

by oneself (alone, without assistance): solo

I need to be by myself: necesito estar solo or a solas

I don't like to leave them by themselves at night: no me gusta dejarlos solos de noche

can you manage that case by yourself?: ¿puedes tú solo con esa maleta?

they do their homework by themselves: hacen los deberes solos

II. by [америк. baɪ, брит. bʌɪ] НАРЕЧ.

1. by (past):

let me by!: ¡déjenme pasar!

she rushed by without seeing me: pasó corriendo y no me vio

they watched the parade march by: vieron pasar el desfile

2. by (aside, in reserve):

I try and put a little money by each week: trato de ahorrar un poco de dinero cada semana

keep some food by, just in case: aparta or reserva algo de comida por si acaso

3. by (to sb's residence):

call or stop by on your way to work: pasa por casa de camino al trabajo

4. by in phrases:

by and by by and by they came to the clearing: al poco rato llegaron al claro

it's going to rain by and by: va a llover dentro de poco

by and large: por lo general

by and large: en general

bye², 'bye америк. [америк. baɪ, брит. bʌɪ] МЕЖД. разг.

bye: ¡adiós!

bye: ¡chao! esp лат. америк. разг.

bye: ¡chau! esp лат. америк. разг.

bye¹ [америк. baɪ, брит. bʌɪ] СУЩ.

she got a bye into the second round: pasó automáticamente a la segunda vuelta

by the bye he mentioned it by the bye: lo mencionó de pasada

my parents weren't happy about it either, but that's just by the bye: por cierto or a propósito, a mis padres tampoco les hizo mucha gracia

scrape by ГЛ. [америк. skreɪp -, брит. skreɪp -] (v + adv)

scrape by: arreglárselas

scrape by: apañárselas Исп. разг.

he hadn't studied for the exam, but he scraped by: no había estudiado para el examen, pero se las arregló para aprobar raspando

set by ГЛ. (v + o + adv, v + adv + o)

set by supplies: guardar

set by supplies: reservar

set by supplies: apartar

set by money: guardar

set by money: ahorrar

slip by ГЛ. [америк. slɪp -, брит. slɪp -] (v + adv)

slip by years/time/days:

slip by: pasar

slip by: transcurrir

stop by ГЛ. [америк. stɑp -, брит. stɒp -] (v + adv, v + prep + o)

why don't you stop by tonight?: ¿por qué no (te) pasas por aquí (or por casa etc.) esta noche?

I stopped by (at) the store for some milk: pasé por la tienda para comprar leche

I. stand by ГЛ. [америк. stænd -, брит. stand -] (v + adv)

1. stand by (remain uninvolved):

stand by: mantenerse al margen

people just stood by and did nothing: la gente estaba allí mirando sin hacer nada

2. stand by (be at readiness):

stand by army/troops:: estar en estado de alerta

we'll be standing by in case you need us: allí estaremos por si nos necesitan

stand by for take-off!: ¡listos para despegar!

please stand by for an important announcement: por favor presten atención: se va a hacer un anuncio importante

II. stand by ГЛ. [америк. stænd -, брит. stand -] (v + prep + o)

1. stand by (uphold):

stand by promise: mantener

stand by decision: atenerse a

I stand by what I said earlier: me atengo a lo que dije antes

I stand by my offer: mi oferta sigue en pie

2. stand by (support, help):

stand by friend: apoyar

stand by friend: no abandonar

tick by ГЛ. [америк. tɪk -, брит. tɪk -] (v + adv) (pass)

tick by hours/minutes:: pasar

the seconds ticked by: pasaban los segundos

come by ГЛ. [америк. kəm -, брит. kʌm -] (v + prep + o) (get, acquire)

come by job/money/antique: conseguir

come by job/money/antique: hacerse con

to be easy/hard to come by: ser fácil/difícil de conseguir

Jim came by this idea while reading: a Jim se le ocurrió la idea mientras leía

how did you come by that scar?: ¿cómo te hiciste esa cicatriz?

I. go by ГЛ. [америк. ɡoʊ -, брит. ɡəʊ -] (v + adv)

1. go by (move past):

go by: pasar

2. go by (elapse):

go by days/years:: pasar

go by days/years:: transcurrir офиц.

as time went by …: a medida que pasaba el tiempo …

tales of days gone by: cuentos de antaño лит.

in years gone by people used to …: antes or antiguamente la gente solía …

we mustn't let the occasion go by without a celebration: no podemos dejar pasar la ocasión sin celebrarlo

II. go by ГЛ. [америк. ɡoʊ -, брит. ɡəʊ -] (v + prep + o)

1. go by (act, judge in accordance with):

go by instinct: dejarse llevar por

go by rules: seguir

to go by appearances: juzgar por las apariencias

they used to go by the position of the sun: se guiaban por la posición del sol

I am just going by what I was told: yo simplemente me atengo a lo que se me dijo

if previous experience is anything to go by: a juzgar por lo que ha sucedido en otras ocasiones

2. go by (be wasted) америк.:

the opportunity went right by him: perdió or dejó pasar la oportunidad

I. get by ГЛ. [америк. ɡɛt -, брит. ɡɛt -] (v + adv)

1. get by (manage):

get by: arreglárselas

we're not well-off, but we get by: no somos ricos pero nos las arreglamos

we're not well-off, but we get by: no somos ricos pero vamos tirando разг.

to get by on sth: arreglárselas con algo

she gets by on just a few dollars a week: se las arregla con unos pocos dólares a la semana

I get by on the French I learnt at school: me las arreglo or me defiendo con el francés que aprendí en el colegio

I can get by on six hours sleep a night: puedo pasar con seis horas de sueño al día

to get by with sth: arreglárselas con algo

we'll have to get by with what we have in stock: nos las tendremos que arreglar con lo que tenemos en existencias

2. get by (pass muster):

get by: pasar

get by: salvarse

the movie gets by because of some brilliant camerawork: la película pasa or se salva gracias al brillante trabajo del camarógrafo

3. get by → get past

II. get by ГЛ. [америк. ɡɛt -, брит. ɡɛt -] (v + prep + o)

get by → get past

III. get by ГЛ. [америк. ɡɛt -, брит. ɡɛt -] (v + o + prep + o)

get by → get past

I. get past ГЛ. [америк. ɡɛt -, брит. ɡɛt -] (v + adv) (move past)

get past: pasar

I can't get past: no puedo pasar

II. get past ГЛ. [америк. ɡɛt -, брит. ɡɛt -] (v + prep + o)

1. get past (move past):

get past vehicle: pasar

get past vehicle: adelantarse a

2. get past (pass undetected):

how did this get past the proofreader?: ¿cómo se le pudo pasar esto al corrector de pruebas?

it won't get past the censors: no va a pasar la censura

3. get past (get beyond):

get past obstacle: superar

get past semifinals: pasar

he never got past fifth grade: no pasó del quinto año

you should have got past the stage when …: deberías haber superado la etapa en que …

III. get past ГЛ. [америк. ɡɛt -, брит. ɡɛt -] (v + o + prep + o)

to get sth past the censor: conseguir que algo pase la censura

I. by [baɪ] ПРЕДЛОГ

1. by (near):

by: cerca de

close [or near] by ...: cerca de...

to be/lie/stand by ...: estar/yacer/permanecer cerca de...

by the sea: junto al mar

2. by (at):

by: junto a

to remain by sb for two days: quedarse junto a alguien durante dos días

3. by (during):

by day/night: durante el día/la noche

by moonlight: a la luz de la luna

4. by (at the latest time):

by: para

by tomorrow/midnight: para mañana/la medianoche

by now: ahora

by then: para entonces

5. by (cause):

by: por

a novel by Joyce: una novela de Joyce

to be killed by sth/sb: ser matado por algo/alguien

surrounded by dogs: rodeado de perros

6. by (through means of):

by rail/plane/tram: en tren/avión/tranvía

made by hand: hecho a mano

to hold sb by the arm: tomar a alguien por el brazo

to go in by the door: entrar por la puerta

by doing sth: haciendo algo

7. by (through):

by chance/mistake: por suerte/error

8. by (under):

to call sb/sth by their/its name: llamar a alguien/algo por su nombre

what does he mean by that?: ¿a qué se refiere con eso?

9. by (alone):

to be by oneself: estar solo

to do sth by oneself: hacer algo solo

10. by (as promise to):

to swear by God/sth: jurar por Dios/algo

11. by (in measurement, arithmetic):

to buy by the kilo/dozen: comprar por kilo/docenas

to divide by 6: dividir entre 6

to increase by 10%: aumentar en un 10%

to multiply by 4: multiplicar por 4

paid by the hour/day: pagado por hora/día

4 metres by 6: 4 por 6 metros

one by one: uno a uno

12. by (from the perspective of):

to judge by appearances: juzgar por las apariencias

all right by me разг.: por mí, de acuerdo

II. by [baɪ] НАРЕЧ.

1. by (near):

by: cerca

to put/lay sth by: poner/dejar algo a mano

2. by (in a while):

by and by: dentro de poco

3. by (past):

to go/pass by: pasar

Выражения:

by and large: en general

Запись в OpenDict

by ПРЕДЛОГ

by (method): mediante

by discussion: mediante discusión

lay by ГЛ. перех.

lay by: reservar

by-product [ˈbaɪprɒdʌkt, америк. -prɑ:dəkt] СУЩ.

by-product: subproducto м.

by-product перенос.: derivado м.

scrape by ГЛ. неперех.

scrape by: apañárselas

slip by ГЛ. неперех.

1. slip by (pass quickly):

slip by time: pasar rápidamente

2. slip by (pass unnoticed):

slip by: pasar inadvertido, -a

let by ГЛ. перех.

let by: dejar pasar

I. pass by ГЛ. неперех.

1. pass by (elapse):

pass by: pasar

2. pass by (go past):

pass by: pasar de largo

II. pass by ГЛ. перех.

pass by: pasar algo por alto

put by неправ. ГЛ. перех. -tt-

put by: ahorrar

lay-by [ˈleɪbaɪ] СУЩ.

1. lay-by брит. (stopping place):

lay-by: apartadero м.

2. lay-by мн. отсут. австрал.:

to buy/put on lay-by: comprar a plazos

I. by [baɪ] ПРЕДЛОГ

1. by (near):

by: cerca de

close [or near] by...: cerca de...

to be/lie/stand by...: estar/yacer/permanecer cerca de...

by the sea: junto al mar

2. by (at):

by: junto a

to remain by sb for two days: quedarse junto a alguien durante dos días

3. by (during):

by day/night: durante el día/la noche

by moonlight: a la luz de la luna

4. by (at the latest time):

by: para

by tomorrow/midnight: para mañana/la medianoche

by then/now: para entonces/ahora

5. by (cause):

by: por

a novel by Joyce: una novela de Joyce

to be killed by sth/sb: ser matado por algo/alguien

surrounded by dogs: rodeado de perros

6. by (through means of):

by train/plane/bus: en tren/avión/autobús

made by hand: hecho a mano

to hold sb by the arm: tomar a alguien por el brazo

by doing sth: haciendo algo

7. by (through):

by chance/mistake: por suerte/error

8. by (under):

to call sb/sth by their/its name: llamar a alguien/algo por su nombre

what does he mean by that?: ¿a qué se refiere con eso?

9. by (alone):

to be by oneself: estar solo

to do sth by oneself: hacer algo solo

10. by (as promise to):

to swear by God/sth: jurar por Dios/algo

11. by (in measurement, arithmetic):

to buy by the pound/dozen: comprar por libra/docenas

to divide by 6: dividir entre 6

to increase by 10%: aumentar en un 10%

to multiply by 4: multiplicar por 4

paid by the hour/day: pagado por hora/día

4 feet by 6: 4 por 6 pies

one by one: uno a uno

12. by (from the perspective of):

to judge by appearances: juzgar por las apariencias

all right by me разг.: por mí, de acuerdo

II. by [baɪ] НАРЕЧ.

1. by (aside):

by: cerca

to put/lay sth by: poner/dejar algo a mano

2. by (in a while):

by and by: dentro de poco

3. by (past):

to go/pass by: pasar

Выражения:

by and large: en general

I. stand by ГЛ. неперех.

1. stand by (observe):

stand by: quedarse sin hacer nada

2. stand by (be ready to take action):

stand by: estar alerta

II. stand by ГЛ. перех. (support)

stand by: apoyar

stick by ГЛ. перех.

1. stick by (continue to support):

stick by friend: no abandonar

2. stick by (not change):

stick by opinion: mantener

3. stick by (comply with):

stick by rules: respetar

by-election [ˈbaɪ·ɪ·ˌlek·ʃən] СУЩ.

by-election: elección ж. parcial

by-play СУЩ. ТЕАТР.

by-play: acción ж. de segundo plano

go by ГЛ. неперех.

1. go by (move past):

go by: pasar (junto a)

2. go by (pass):

go by: transcurrir

in days gone by офиц.: en tiempos pasados

to let sth go by: no aprovechar algo

slip by ГЛ. неперех.

1. slip by (pass quickly):

slip by time: pasar rápidamente

2. slip by (pass unnoticed):

slip by: pasar inadvertido, -a

swear by ГЛ. перех.

to swear by sth: tener una fe ciega en algo

scrape by ГЛ. неперех.

scrape by: apañárselas

stop by ГЛ. неперех.

stop by: pasar por

accionamiento por motor propio: driven by own motor

Present
I	scrape by
you	scrape by
he/she/it	scrapes by
we	scrape by
you	scrape by
they	scrape by

Past
I	scraped by
you	scraped by
he/she/it	scraped by
we	scraped by
you	scraped by
they	scraped by

Present Perfect
I	have	scraped by
you	have	scraped by
he/she/it	has	scraped by
we	have	scraped by
you	have	scraped by
they	have	scraped by

Past Perfect
I	had	scraped by
you	had	scraped by
he/she/it	had	scraped by
we	had	scraped by
you	had	scraped by
they	had	scraped by

See further verb tables

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