REFER BACK - Перевод английский на итальянский

I. refer back ГЛ. [rɪˈfəː -] (refer back to)

refer back speaker issue:

refer back

ritornare su

II. refer back ГЛ. [rɪˈfəː -] (refer [sth] back)

refer back matter, decision, question:

refer back

rinviare (to a)

riagganciarsi a

to refer back to, to go back to

mi riaggancio a quello che hai detto prima

I refer or go back to what you said before

I. refer <forma in -ing referring, прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. referred> [брит. rɪˈfəː, америк. rəˈfər] ГЛ. перех.

1. refer (pass on):

refer task, problem, enquiry, matter

affidare (to a)

2. refer ЮРИД.:

refer case

rimettere, deferire (to a)

to refer a dispute to arbitration

sottoporre una controversia ad arbitrato

3. refer МЕД., АДМИН.:

to be referred to a specialist, to a hospital

essere mandato da uno specialista, a un ospedale

4. refer (direct):

to refer sb to person: department

indirizzare qn in

to refer sb to critic, text: article, footnote

rinviare qn a

5. refer ЭКОН.:

the cheque has been referred

l'assegno è stato restituito (al traente) perché non può essere onorato

II. refer <forma in -ing referring, прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. referred> [брит. rɪˈfəː, америк. rəˈfər] ГЛ. неперех.

1. refer (allude to, talk about):

to refer to person, topic, event

riferirsi a, parlare di

I wasn't referring to you

non mi stavo riferendo a te

2. refer (as name, label):

she refers to him as Bob

lo chiama Bob

this is what I refer to as our patio

questa è quella che io definisco la nostra terrazza

he's always referred to as “the secretary”

viene sempre definito “il segretario”

don't refer to him as an idiot

non dargli dell'idiota

3. refer (signify):

to refer to number, date, term:

riferirsi a

what does this date here refer to?

a che cosa si riferisce questa data?

4. refer (consult):

to refer to person: notes, article, system

consultare

5. refer (apply):

to refer to sb, sth

rivolgersi a qn, qc

this refers to you in particular

questo riguarda soprattutto te

6. refer ТОРГ., ЭКОН.:

“refer to drawer”

“rivolgersi all'emittente”

“refer to bank” (in cash machine)

“rivolgersi alla propria banca”

I. back [брит. bak, америк. bæk] СУЩ.

1. back:

back

schiena ж.

back

dorso м.

back ЗООЛ.

dorso м.

back ЗООЛ.

groppa ж.

to be (flat) on one's back

essere, stare (coricato) sulla schiena, supino

to be (flat) on one's back перенос.

essere a letto

to sleep on one's back

dormire sulla schiena or supino or a pancia in su

he was lying on his back

era coricato sulla schiena or a pancia in su

to travel on the back of a donkey

viaggiare in groppa a un asino or a dorso d'asino

to have one's back to sb, sth

volgere or dare le spalle a qn, qc

with her back to the door

con la schiena rivolta verso la porta

to turn one's back on sb, sth

voltare le spalle, la schiena a qn, qc also перенос.

as soon as my back is turned

appena giro le spalle

to do sth behind sb's back

fare qc alle spalle di qn also перенос.

with one's back to the engine

in senso contrario a quello di marcia

to put one's back into it разг.

darci dentro or mettercela tutta

put your back into it! разг.

dacci dentro!

he's always on my back разг.

mi sta sempre addosso

get off my back! разг.

lasciami in pace!

I was glad to see the back of him

fui felice di non doverlo più vedere

to be at the back of conspiracy, proposal

essere dietro a

to put sb's back up

irritare qn

to live off sb's back

vivere alle spalle di qn

2. back (reverse side):

back (of page, cheque, card, envelope)

retro м.

back (of fabric, medal, coin)

rovescio м.

on the back of an envelope

sul retro di una busta

to sign the back of a cheque

girare un assegno

the back of the hand

il dorso della mano

3. back (flat side):

back (of knife, fork, spoon)

dorso м.

4. back (rear-facing part):

back (of vehicle, electrical appliance)

parte ж. posteriore

back (of shirt, coat)

dietro м.

to hang one's coat on the back of the door

appendere il cappotto dietro la porta

the shelves are oak but the back is plywood

i ripiani sono di quercia, ma il fondo è di compensato

a blow to the back of the head

un colpo alla nuca

a lump on the back of the head

un bernoccolo sulla parte posteriore della testa

the knife fell down the back of the fridge

il coltello è caduto dietro il frigorifero

5. back (area behind building):

to be out back, to be in the back америк. (in the garden)

essere in giardino

to be out back, to be in the back (in the yard)

essere in cortile

he's round, in the back

è in giardino

the view out back is lovely

la vista sul retro è bellissima

there's a small garden out back or round the back

c'è un piccolo giardino sul retro

the bins are out back or round the back

i bidoni sono sul retro or dietro la casa

the steps at the back of the building

la scala sul retro dell'edificio

6. back АВТО. ТЕХ.:

to sit in the back

sedersi dietro

there are three children in the back

ci sono tre bambini dietro

to sit at the back of the plane, at the back of the bus

sedersi in fondo all'aereo, all'autobus

7. back (furthest away area):

back (of cupboard, drawer, fridge)

fondo м.

back (of stage)

sfondo м.

at or in the back of the drawer

in fondo al cassetto

right at the back of the cupboard

proprio in fondo all'armadio

at the back of the audience

in fondo alla sala

those at the back couldn't see

quelli in fondo non riuscivano a vedere

the back of the throat

la parte posteriore della gola

the back of the mouth

il retrobocca

8. back (of chair, sofa):

back

schienale м.

the keys were down the back of the sofa

le chiavi si erano infilate dietro lo schienale del divano

9. back СПОРТ:

back

difensore м.

back

terzino м.

left back

difensore or terzino sinistro

10. back (end):

back

fine ж.

back

fondo м.

at the back of the book, file

alla fine del libro, del file

11. back (book spine):

back

dorso м.

back

costola ж.

II. back [брит. bak, америк. bæk] ПРИЛ.

1. back (at the rear):

back axle, wheel, bumper, paw, leg, edge

posteriore

back axle, wheel, bumper, paw, leg, edge

di dietro разг.

back bedroom, garden, gate

sul retro

back page

ultimo

2. back (isolated):

back road

secondario

back alley, lane

vicolo, viuzza

III. back [брит. bak, америк. bæk] НАРЕЧ.

1. back (indicating return after absence):

to be back

essere di ritorno, tornare

I'll be back in five minutes, six weeks

sarò di ritorno tra cinque minuti, sei settimane

to arrive or come back

tornare (indietro) (from da)

he's back at work

è tornato al lavoro or ha ripreso a lavorare

she's back in (the) hospital

è di nuovo in ospedale or è tornata in ospedale

it's good to be back home

è bello essere di nuovo a casa

when is he due back?

quando deve tornare?

to go back to work

riprendere

to go back to Italy, Canada, office

(ri)tornare in

to go back to Turin, shop, restaurant

(ri)tornare a

the mini-skirt is back (in fashion)

la minigonna è di nuovo di moda

2. back (in return):

to call, phone back

richiamare, ritelefonare

I'll write back (to him)

risponderò alla sua lettera

he hasn't written back yet

non mi ha ancora risposto

“OK”, he shouted back

“OK”, rispose gridando

to punch sb back

restituire un pugno a qn

to smile back at sb

ricambiare un sorriso a qn

he was rude back

sono stata maleducata con lui e lui lo è stato con me

to answer back

ribattere

to answer sb back

rispondere (male) a qn

3. back (backwards, in a reverse direction):

back glance, step, lean

indietro

back jump

(all')indietro

4. back (away):

we overtook him 20 km back

l'abbiamo sorpassato 20 km fa

there's a garage 10 km back

c'è un meccanico 10 km indietro

5. back (ago):

25 years back

25 anni fa

a week, five minutes back

una settimana, cinque minuti prima or fa

6. back (a long time ago):

back in 1964, April

nel 1964, ad aprile

back before Easter, the revolution

prima di Pasqua, prima della rivoluzione

back in the days when

ai tempi in cui

it was obvious as far back as last year, 1985 that …

era già evidente l'anno scorso, nel 1985 che …

to go or date back to Roman times, 1700

risalire a

7. back (once again):

she's back in power, control

ha ripreso il potere, il controllo

Paul is back at the wheel

Paul è tornato al volante

to get back to sleep

riaddormentarsi

to go back home

tornare a casa

to go back to bed

tornare a letto, ricoricarsi

8. back (nearer the beginning):

ten lines back

dieci righe più su

ten pages back

dieci pagine indietro, fa

9. back (indicating return to sb's possession):

to give, send sth back

rendere, rispedire qc (to a)

to put sth back

rimettere a posto qc

I've got my books back

ho riavuto i miei libri

to get one's money back

essere rimborsato

he wants his dictionary back now

vuole indietro il suo dizionario adesso

10. back (expressing a return to a former location):

to travel to London and back

andare e tornare da Londra

the journey to Madrid and back

il viaggio a Madrid e ritorno

we walked there and took the train back

(ci) siamo andati a piedi e siamo tornati in treno

how long will it take to drive back?

quanto ci vorrà per tornare (in auto)?

11. back (in a different location):

meanwhile, back in Italy, he…

nel frattempo, in Italia, lui…

back in the studio, recording had begun

intanto allo studio era cominciata la registrazione

I'll see you back at the house, in the office

ci rivediamo a casa, in ufficio

Выражения:

back and forth to go, travel back and forth (commute) person, bus

fare la spola (between tra)

to walk, go back and forth

andare avanti e indietro (between tra)

to swing back and forth pendulum

oscillare (avanti e indietro)

to sway back and forth

dondolare avanti e indietro

the film cuts or moves back and forth between New York and Rome

il film si svolge tra New York e Roma

IV. back [брит. bak, америк. bæk] ГЛ. перех.

1. back (support):

back candidate, party, person, bid, bill, action, enterprise, project

sostenere, appoggiare

back application

appoggiare

the strike is backed by the union

lo sciopero è appoggiato dal sindacato

the junta is backed by the militia

la giunta ha l'appoggio della milizia

2. back (finance):

back project, undertaking

finanziare

3. back (endorse):

back currency

sostenere

to back a bill ТОРГ., ЭКОН.

avallare una cambiale

4. back (substantiate):

back argument, claim

suffragare, convalidare (with con)

5. back (reverse):

back horse

fare rinculare, fare indietreggiare

to back the car into the garage

mettere la macchina in garage a marcia indietro

to back sb into, against sth

fare indietreggiare qn fino dentro, contro qc

to back oars, water

sciare, remare all'indietro

6. back (bet on):

back horse, favourite, winner

puntare, scommettere su

to back a loser race goer:

puntare sul cavallo perdente

to back a loser (invest ill-advisedly)

investire in modo sconsiderato

to back a loser (support a lost cause)

sostenere una causa persa

to back the wrong horse

puntare sul cavallo perdente also перенос.

7. back (stiffen, line):

back structure

rinforzare

back book

foderare

back painting

rinforzare, rintelare

back fabric

intelare, foderare

8. back МУЗ.:

back singer, performer

accompagnare

9. back МОР.:

back sail

accollare, bracciare

V. back [брит. bak, америк. bæk] ГЛ. неперех.

1. back (reverse):

back

fare marcia indietro

2. back МОР.:

back wind:

cambiare direzione

VI. back [брит. bak, америк. bæk]

to break the back of a journey, task

fare il grosso di un viaggio, di un lavoro

to be in the back of beyond house, farm:

essere in capo al mondo or a casa del diavolo

to live in the back of beyond

vivere in capo al mondo or a casa del diavolo

it's like water off a duck's back

= non ha alcun effetto

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours

una mano lava l'altra

to have one's back to the wall

essere con le spalle al muro

to get one's own back

vendicarsi (on sb di qn)

back in the day

ai tempi

back in the day

a quei tempi

refer back to ГЛ. перех.

refer back to

rinviare a

please refer back to your notes

per favore consultate i vostri appunti

refer <-rr-> [rɪ·ˈfɜ:r] ГЛ. перех.

to refer sth to sb article

rimettere qc a qn

to refer a patient to a specialist

mandare un paziente da uno specialista

to refer a case to sb/sth ЮРИД.

sottoporre un caso a qn/qc

I. back [bæk] СУЩ.

1. back:

back (opposite of front)

dietro м.

back of a hand

dorso м.

back of a chair

schienale м.

back (of fabric)

rovescio м.

back of a piece of paper, envelope

retro м.

back to front

al contrario

to know sth back to front

sapere qc a menadito

2. back (end):

back of a book

fine м.

3. back АНАТ.:

back

schiena ж.

back of an animal

dorso м.

to be on one's back

stare a pancia in su

to break one's back разг.

spaccarsi la schiena

to do sth behind sb's back a. перенос.

fare qc alle spalle di qu

to turn one's back on sb

girare le spalle a qu

to turn one's back on sb перенос.

abbandonare qu

4. back СПОРТ:

back

difesa ж.

Выражения:

to know sth like the back of one's hand

conoscere qc a menadito разг.

to have one's back against the wall

essere con le spalle al muro

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours

una mano lava l'altra

to stab sb in the back

pugnalare qc alle spalle

II. back [bæk] ПРИЛ. (rear)

back

posteriore

III. back [bæk] НАРЕЧ.

1. back:

to be back

essere di ritorno

to come back

tornare

to want sb back

desiderare che qu torni

I want the money back

rivoglio i miei soldi

to bring back memories

far venire in mente ricordi

2. back (to the rear, behind):

back

dietro

back and forth

avanti e indietro

to look back

pensare al passato

to sit back

rilassarsi

3. back (in return):

back

indietro

4. back (into the past):

back

fa

IV. back [bæk] ГЛ. перех.

back

appoggiare

Present

I	refer back
you	refer back
he/she/it	refers back
we	refer back
you	refer back
they	refer back

Past

I	referred back
you	referred back
he/she/it	referred back
we	referred back
you	referred back
they	referred back

Present Perfect

I	have	referred back
you	have	referred back
he/she/it	has	referred back
we	have	referred back
you	have	referred back
they	have	referred back

Past Perfect

I	had	referred back
you	had	referred back
he/she/it	had	referred back
we	had	referred back
you	had	referred back
they	had	referred back

Одноязычные примеры (не проверены редакцией PONS)

Despite this success, the magazine had a reputation for low-quality space opera and adventure fiction, and modern literary historians refer to it in dismissive terms.

en.wikipedia.org

Terms such as audio conferencing, telephone conferencing and phone conferencing are also sometimes used to refer to teleconferencing.

en.wikipedia.org

The term is also used to refer to the external application, a computer program that runs outside of the main bulletin board program.

en.wikipedia.org

It can also refer to an atrium, ambulacrum, or parvis in front of a basilica.

en.wikipedia.org

Formal demographers refer to population momentum as the size of the resulting stationary-equivalent population relative to the current size of the population.

en.wikipedia.org