REFER TO - Перевод английский на итальянский

английский

итальянский

to cross-refer sth to sth

fare un rinvio da qc a qc

to refer to sb, sth

rivolgersi a qn, qc

to refer sb to person: department

indirizzare qn in

to refer to number, date, term:

riferirsi a

итальянский

английский

rimandare a

to refer to

fare un rinvio da qc a qc

to cross-refer sth to sth

riferirsi a data, persona, articolo, legge

to refer to

rinviare qn a critica, testo: articolo, nota

to refer sb to

rapportarsi a qc

to refer to sth

fare capo a (appoggiarsi) persona

to refer to

I. refer <forma in -ing referring, прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. referred> [брит. rɪˈfəː, америк. rəˈfər] ГЛ. перех.

1. refer (pass on):

refer task, problem, enquiry, matter

affidare (to a)

2. refer ЮРИД.:

refer case

rimettere, deferire (to a)

to refer a dispute to arbitration

sottoporre una controversia ad arbitrato

3. refer МЕД., АДМИН.:

to be referred to a specialist, to a hospital

essere mandato da uno specialista, a un ospedale

4. refer (direct):

to refer sb to person: department

indirizzare qn in

to refer sb to critic, text: article, footnote

rinviare qn a

5. refer ЭКОН.:

the cheque has been referred

l'assegno è stato restituito (al traente) perché non può essere onorato

II. refer <forma in -ing referring, прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. referred> [брит. rɪˈfəː, америк. rəˈfər] ГЛ. неперех.

1. refer (allude to, talk about):

to refer to person, topic, event

riferirsi a, parlare di

I wasn't referring to you

non mi stavo riferendo a te

2. refer (as name, label):

she refers to him as Bob

lo chiama Bob

this is what I refer to as our patio

questa è quella che io definisco la nostra terrazza

he's always referred to as “the secretary”

viene sempre definito “il segretario”

don't refer to him as an idiot

non dargli dell'idiota

3. refer (signify):

to refer to number, date, term:

riferirsi a

what does this date here refer to?

a che cosa si riferisce questa data?

4. refer (consult):

to refer to person: notes, article, system

consultare

5. refer (apply):

to refer to sb, sth

rivolgersi a qn, qc

this refers to you in particular

questo riguarda soprattutto te

6. refer ТОРГ., ЭКОН.:

“refer to drawer”

“rivolgersi all'emittente”

“refer to bank” (in cash machine)

“rivolgersi alla propria banca”

I. attach [брит. əˈtatʃ, америк. əˈtætʃ] ГЛ. перех.

1. attach object:

attach (fasten)

attaccare, fissare (to a)

attach (to letter)

allegare

2. attach (to organization):

to be attached to sth

fare parte di qc, essere associato a qc

3. attach (attribute):

attach value, significance, importance etc.

attribuire, dare (to a)

to attach blame to sb for sth

attribuire la colpa di qc a qn

4. attach (in email):

attach document, file

allegare

II. attach [брит. əˈtatʃ, америк. əˈtætʃ] ГЛ. неперех. офиц.

no responsibility, salary attach to this

ciò non comporta alcuna responsabilità, retribuzione

no blame attaches to you for this

non ti si può attribuire nessuna colpa per questo

III. to attach oneself ГЛ. возвр. гл.

to attach oneself to sb, sth

unirsi, associarsi a qn, qc also перенос.

I. steel [брит. stiːl, америк. stil] СУЩ.

1. steel (metal):

steel

acciaio м.

made of steel

(fatto) di acciaio

made of steel before сущ. bodywork, girder, sheet, plate, pipe

d'acciaio

made of steel cutlery, pan

in acciaio, di acciaio

made of steel city

dell'industria siderurgica

made of steel strike, manufacturer

del settore siderurgico

made of steel production

dell'acciaio

2. steel (knife sharpener):

steel

acciaino м.

3. steel (in character):

steel перенос.

acciaio м.

nerves of steel

nervi d'acciaio

II. steel [брит. stiːl, америк. stil] ГЛ. перех. ТЕХН.

steel

acciaiare

III. to steel oneself ГЛ. возвр. гл.

to steel oneself

armarsi di coraggio

to steel oneself

farsi forza (to do per fare; for contro)

I. hurt [брит. həːt, америк. hərt] СУЩ.

hurt (wound)

ferita ж.

hurt (bodily harm)

lesione ж.

his sense of hurt and betrayal

la sua sensazione di essere stato ferito e tradito

there is a lot of hurt on both sides

entrambi ne hanno sofferto molto

emotional hurt

trauma emotivo

II. hurt [брит. həːt, америк. hərt] ПРИЛ.

hurt feelings, look:

hurt

ferito

I was more angry than hurt

ero più arrabbiato che ferito

she was hurt not to have been invited

si era offesa per non essere stata invitata

he felt hurt about the way he had been treated

si sentiva ferito per il modo in cui era stato trattato

to sound or look hurt

sembrare offeso

to feel hurt

sentirsi ferito

III. hurt <прош. вр./прич. прош. вр. hurt> [брит. həːt, америк. hərt] ГЛ. перех.

1. hurt (injure):

to hurt one's hand, back

farsi male alla mano, alla schiena

the dog hurt its paw

il cane si è fatto male alla zampa

she hurt her shoulder when she fell

si è fatta male alla spalla cadendo

he hurt his back moving the piano

si è fatto male alla schiena spostando il pianoforte

was anybody hurt?

ci sono stati dei feriti?

they were seriously, slightly hurt

sono stati gravemente feriti, feriti in modo lieve

somebody's going to get hurt

qualcuno si farà male

hard work never hurt anybody

lavorare sodo non ha mai fatto male a nessuno

it wouldn't hurt her to apologize

non le farebbe male scusarsi

2. hurt (cause pain to):

hurt person

fare male a

you're hurting my arm

mi stai facendo male al braccio

these shoes hurt my feet

queste scarpe mi fanno male (ai piedi)

it hurts him to bend his knee

ha male se piega il ginocchio

3. hurt:

hurt (emotionally)

ferire

hurt (offend)

offendere

he hurt them by leaving early

li ha offesi andandosene presto

to hurt sb's feelings

ferire i sentimenti di qn

to hurt sb's pride

ferire qn nell'orgoglio

she's afraid of getting hurt

ha paura di essere ferita

it's often the children who get hurt

sovente sono i bambini a soffrirne

4. hurt (affect adversely):

hurt prices, inflation:

danneggiare

IV. hurt <прош. вр./прич. прош. вр. hurt> [брит. həːt, америк. hərt] ГЛ. неперех.

1. hurt (be painful, cause pain):

hurt

fare male

my foot, my throat hurts

mi fa male il piede, la gola

this small print makes my eyes hurt

questi caratteri così piccoli mi fanno venire male agli occhi

where does it hurt?

dove le fa male?

my shoes hurt

le scarpe mi fanno male

it hurts when I turn my head

mi fa male quando giro la testa

2. hurt (take effect):

hurt sanctions, taxes:

farsi sentire

3. hurt (emotionally):

what really hurt was knowing that she had lied

quello che mi ferì veramente fu sapere che aveva mentito

her indifference really hurts

la sua indifferenza mi ferisce davvero

the truth often hurts

la verità sovente fa male

V. to hurt oneself ГЛ. возвр. гл.

to hurt oneself

farsi male

I. pronounce [брит. prəˈnaʊns, америк. prəˈnaʊns] ГЛ. перех.

1. pronounce ЛИНГВ.:

pronounce letter, word

pronunciare

is the letter “h” pronounced?

la “h” si pronuncia?

2. pronounce (announce):

pronounce judgment, sentence, verdict

pronunciare, emettere

pronounce opinion

esprimere

to pronounce sb dead, guilty

dichiarare qn morto, colpevole

to pronounce sth (to be) genuine, satisfactory

affermare che qc è genuino, soddisfacente

to pronounce that …

dichiarare che …

“this is a fake, ” she pronounced

“è un falso”, sentenziò

I now pronounce you man and wife

io vi dichiaro marito e moglie

II. pronounce [брит. prəˈnaʊns, америк. prəˈnaʊns] ГЛ. неперех. ЮРИД.

pronounce

pronunciarsi

to pronounce for, against sb

pronunciarsi a favore di, dichiararsi contrario a qn

III. to pronounce oneself ГЛ. возвр. гл.

to pronounce oneself satisfied, bored

dichiararsi soddisfatto, annoiato

to pronounce oneself for, against sth

pronunciarsi in favore di qc, dichiararsi contrario a qc

I. crown [брит. kraʊn, америк. kraʊn] СУЩ.

1. crown (of monarch):

crown

corona ж.

a crown of flowers, of thorns

una corona di fiori, di spine

the Crown

la Corona

2. crown (in GB) ЮРИД.:

crown

pubblico ministero м.

a witness for the Crown

un testimone d'accusa

3. crown (in boxing):

crown

campionato м.

4. crown (top):

crown (of hill)

cima ж.

crown (of hill)

sommità ж.

crown (of tree)

chioma ж.

crown (of hat)

cupola ж.

crown (of hat)

cocuzzolo м.

crown (of road)

colmo м.

5. crown (head):

crown

testa ж.

crown

cranio м.

6. crown МЕД.:

crown

corona ж.

crown

capsula ж.

7. crown БОТАН. (of tree):

crown

corona ж.

8. crown ИСТ.:

crown (in GB) (old coin)

corona ж.

9. crown МОР.:

crown

diamante м.

10. crown АРХИТ.:

crown (of bridge)

chiave ж. dell'arco

crown (of arch)

chiave ж. di volta

II. crown [брит. kraʊn, америк. kraʊn] ГЛ. перех.

1. crown queen, champion:

crown

incoronare

to crown sb emperor, champion

incoronare qn imperatore, campione

2. crown (bring to worthy end):

crown

coronare

the prize crowned her career

il premio è giunto a coronamento della sua carriera

her efforts were crowned by success

i suoi sforzi sono stati coronati or ricompensati dal successo

to crown it all, I won, the car broke down

per coronare l'opera, ho vinto, l'auto ha avuto un guasto

3. crown (hit) разг.:

crown person

colpire in testa, dare una botta in testa a

4. crown МЕД.:

crown tooth

incapsulare

5. crown КУЛИН.:

crown cake

dare il tocco finale a (with con)

6. crown ИГРА (in draughts):

crown piece

damare

III. to crown oneself ГЛ. возвр. гл.

to crown oneself разг.:

to crown oneself

sbattere con la testa (on contro)

I. flatten [брит. ˈflat(ə)n, америк. ˈflætn] ГЛ. перех.

1. flatten (level):

flatten rain, storm: crops, grass

appiattire, coricare

flatten tree, fence

abbattere

flatten bombing, earthquake: building, town

distruggere, radere al suolo

he flattened him with a single punch

l'ha steso con un solo pugno

he'll flatten you! разг.

ti spaccherà il muso! ti metterà k.o.!

2. flatten (smooth out):

flatten surface, ground, road

rendere piano, spianare

flatten metal

appiattire

3. flatten (crush):

flatten animal, fruit, hat, box etc.

schiacciare

4. flatten (beat) разг., перенос.:

flatten person, team

schiacciare

5. flatten МУЗ.:

flatten note

bemollizzare

6. flatten брит. battery:

flatten

scaricare

II. flatten [брит. ˈflat(ə)n, америк. ˈflætn] ГЛ. неперех.

flatten slope, road, ground:

diventare piano

flatten graph, curve, flight path:

diventare piatto

flatten growth, exports, decline:

stabilizzarsi

III. to flatten oneself ГЛ. возвр. гл.

to flatten oneself

appiattirsi (against contro)

I. strain¹ [брит. streɪn, америк. streɪn] ГЛ. перех.

1. strain (stretch):

strain rope, cable

tendere, tirare, sottoporre a tensione

to strain one's eyes (to see)

strizzare gli occhi

to strain one's ears

tendere le orecchie

to strain one's muscles, every muscle

tendere i muscoli, ogni muscolo (to do per fare)

2. strain перенос.:

strain resources, finances, economy

mettere a dura prova, gravare

strain relationship, alliance

creare tensioni in seno a

strain network, system

sovraccaricare

strain patience, credulity, understanding

mettere a dura prova

it would be straining the truth to say…

sarebbe distorcere la verità dire che…

the writer has strained the possibilities of conventional language

l'autore è andato al di là delle possibilità della lingua convenzionale

3. strain (injure):

to strain a muscle

strappare un muscolo

to strain one's thigh, groin, shoulder

farsi uno strappo alla coscia, all'inguine, alla spalla

to strain one's eyes, heart

affaticare gli occhi, il cuore

to strain one's voice

sforzare la voce

to strain one's back

procurarsi uno stiramento alla schiena

4. strain (sieve):

strain tea, sauce

filtrare

strain vegetables, pasta, rice

scolare

II. strain¹ [брит. streɪn, америк. streɪn] ГЛ. неперех.

to strain against sth

fare forza contro qc

to strain at leash, rope

tirare con forza

to strain to see, hear

sforzarsi di vedere, di sentire

to strain forward

sporgersi in avanti

III. to strain oneself ГЛ. возвр. гл.

to strain oneself (injure)

farsi uno strappo

to strain oneself (injure)

strapparsi

to strain oneself (tire)

affaticarsi

to strain oneself (tire)

fare sforzi

don't strain yourself! ирон.

non ti sforzare!

IV. strain¹ [брит. streɪn, америк. streɪn] СУЩ.

1. strain ФИЗ.:

strain (weight)

sforzo м. (on su)

strain (from pulling)

tensione ж. (on di)

to put a strain on beam, bridge, rope

sottoporre a sforzo, a sollecitazione

to put a strain on heart, lungs, muscles

affaticare, sottoporre a sforzo

to be under strain bridge, structure:

essere sottoposto a sollecitazione

to grimace, sweat under the strain

fare smorfie, sudare per lo sforzo

to take the strain beam, bracket, rope:

reggere alle sollecitazioni

the rope, shelf can't take the strain

la corda, lo scaffale non può reggere

2. strain (pressure):

strain (on person)

tensione ж.

strain (on person)

stress м.

strain (in relations)

tensione ж.

mental or nervous strain

tensione nervosa

to put a strain on relationship

mettere a dura prova

to put a strain on group, alliance

creare tensioni in

to put a strain on system, network

sovraccaricare

to put a strain on sector, prison system

creare tensioni in, provocare una crisi in

to put a strain on economy, finances

mettere a dura prova, gravare su

to put a strain on patience, goodwill

mettere a dura prova

to be under strain person:

essere sotto pressione

to be under strain relations:

essere teso

to be under strain network, system:

essere sovraccarico

to take the strain person:

sopportare la pressione or reggere alla tensione

he can't take the strain

non regge alla tensione or allo stress

to crack under the strain person:

crollare sotto la pressione or per lo stress

to take the strain out of climb, management, organization

facilitare

to show signs of strain person:

mostrare segni di stress

the strain (on him) was beginning to tell

erano visibili in lui i primi segni della fatica

the strains within the coalition

la tensione in seno alla coalizione

it's a strain talking to him

è una fatica parlargli

it's getting to be a strain

comincia a essere stressante

3. strain (injury):

strain

strappo м. muscolare

strain

distorsione ж.

a calf, thigh strain

strappo al polpaccio, alla coscia

V. strains СУЩ.

strains npl (tune) (of piece of music, song):

strains лит.

canto м.

strains лит.

motivo м. musicale

to the strains of …

sul motivo or sulla melodia di …

I. nick¹ [брит. nɪk, америк. nɪk] СУЩ.

1. nick (notch):

nick

tacca ж.

nick

intaccatura ж. (in in)

to take a nick out of sth

fare una tacca su qc

2. nick брит. (condition) разг.:

to be in good, bad nick car, machine, carpet etc.:

essere in buono, cattivo stato

to be in good, bad nick person:

essere, non essere in forma

3. nick брит. (jail):

nick разг.

galera ж.

nick разг.

gattabuia ж.

in the nick

in galera

4. nick брит. (police station):

nick разг.

commissariato м.

II. nick¹ [брит. nɪk, америк. nɪk] ГЛ. перех.

1. nick (cut):

nick stick, surface

fare una tacca in, intaccare

to nick one's finger

farsi uno spelino sul dito

2. nick брит. (steal):

nick разг.

fregare, sgraffignare, grattare

3. nick брит. (arrest):

nick разг.

beccare

nick разг.

pizzicare

he got nicked (for speeding) разг.

lo hanno beccato (per eccesso di velocità)

4. nick америк. (strike):

nick разг.

dare un leggero colpo a

5. nick америк. (cheat, overcharge):

nick разг.

fregare

nick разг.

pelare

6. nick horse, tail:

nick

inglesare

III. to nick oneself ГЛ. возвр. гл.

to nick oneself

farsi uno spelino

IV. nick¹ [брит. nɪk, америк. nɪk]

just in the nick of time

giusto in tempo

I. concern [брит. kənˈsəːn, америк. kənˈsərn] СУЩ.

1. concern (worry):

concern

preoccupazione ж.

concern

ansia ж. (about, over per, a causa di)

there is growing concern about crime

la criminalità sta suscitando un crescente senso di inquietudine

there is concern for her safety

c'è preoccupazione per la sua incolumità

to give rise to or cause concern

destare preoccupazione

there is no cause for concern

non c'è motivo di preoccuparsi

there is cause for concern

c'è motivo di preoccuparsi

he expressed concern at my results, for my health

ha espresso preoccupazione per i miei risultati, per la mia salute

my concern that he might be in danger

la mia preoccupazione che possa essere in pericolo

an expression of concern (on face)

un'espressione preoccupata or di inquietudine

2. concern (preoccupation):

concern

preoccupazione ж.

environmental, petty concerns

preoccupazioni per l'ambiente, meschine

our main concern is to do

la nostra principale preoccupazione è fare

3. concern (care):

concern (for person)

interesse м.

I did it out of concern for him

l'ho fatto per lui

you have no concern for safety

non ti preoccupi affatto della sicurezza

4. concern (company):

concern

impresa ж.

concern

azienda ж.

a going concern

una ditta ben avviata

5. concern (personal business):

that's her concern

questo riguarda lei

your private life is no concern of mine

la tua vita privata non mi riguarda or non è affar mio

it's none of your concern or it's of no concern to you

non è affar tuo or non ti riguarda affatto

what concern is it of yours?

che cosa c'entri tu?

6. concern ЭКОН.:

concern

interesse м.

concern

cointeressenza ж. (in in)

II. concern [брит. kənˈsəːn, америк. kənˈsərn] ГЛ. перех.

1. concern (worry):

concern parent, public

preoccupare

2. concern (affect, interest):

concern

concernere, interessare, riguardare

to whom it may concern (in business letter)

= a tutti gli interessati

the matter doesn't concern you

la questione non ti riguarda

as far as I'm concerned it's a waste of time

per quanto mi riguarda, è una perdita di tempo

as far as the pay is concerned, I'm happy

per quanto riguarda lo stipendio, sono soddisfatta

3. concern (involve):

to be concerned with security, publicity

occuparsi di

to be concerned in scandal

essere implicato, coinvolto in

4. concern (be about):

concern book, programme:

trattare di

concern fax, letter:

riguardare

a book concerned with, concerning gardening

un libro (che tratta) di giardinaggio

III. to concern oneself ГЛ. возвр. гл.

to concern oneself with sth, with doing

occuparsi or interessarsi di qc, di fare

refer to ГЛ. перех.

1. refer to (mention, allude):

refer to

riferirsi a

to never refer to sth

non fare mai riferimento a qc

to refer to sb as sth

riferirsi a qn come qc

referring to your letter/phone call, …

con riferimento alla sua lettera/telefonata, …

2. refer to (concern):

refer to

riguardare

does this information refer to me?

quest'informazione mi riguarda?

3. refer to (consult, turn to):

refer to

consultare

to refer to one's notes

consultare i propri appunti

refer to page 70

vedere pagina 70

I refer to the facts

mi rimetto ai fatti

refer back to ГЛ. перех.

refer back to

rinviare a

please refer back to your notes

per favore consultate i vostri appunti

английский

итальянский

to refer sth to sb article

rimettere qc a qn

итальянский

английский

alludere a qc

to refer to sth

rinviare a

to refer to

rimandare a qc

to refer to sth

richiamarsi a qc (riferirsi)

to refer to sth

fare riferimento a

to refer to

refer <-rr-> [rɪ·ˈfɜ:r] ГЛ. перех.

to refer sth to sb article

rimettere qc a qn

to refer a patient to a specialist

mandare un paziente da uno specialista

to refer a case to sb/sth ЮРИД.

sottoporre un caso a qn/qc

I. to [tu:] ПРЕДЛОГ

1. to (in direction of):

to

a

to go to Mexico/Brasil

andare in Messico/Brasile

to go to Los Angeles/New York

andare a Los Angeles/New York

to go to town

andare in città

to go to the dentist('s)

andare dal dentista

to go to the cinema/theater

andare al cinema/a teatro

to go to bed

andare a letto

to go to the south

andare al sud

to the left/right

a sinistra/destra

to fall to the ground

cadere a terra

the path to the lake

il sentiero che porta al lago

2. to (before):

a quarter to five

le cinque meno un quarto

3. to (until):

to

fino a

to count up to 10

contare fino a 10

to this day

fino ad oggi

frightened to death

spaventato a morte

done to perfection

fatto alla perfezione

to some extent

fino ad un certo punto

4. to with indirect object:

to talk to sb

parlare con qn

to show sth to sb

mostrare qc a qn

I said to myself …

mi sono detto …

this belongs to me

questo appartiene a me

5. to (towards):

to

con

to be kind/rude to sb

essere gentile/sgarbato con qn

6. to (against):

to

contro

elbow to elbow

gomito a gomito

close to sth

vicino a qc

to clasp sb to one's bosom

stringersi qn al petto

to fix sth to the wall

fissare qc al muro

5 added to 10 equals 15

5 più 10 fa 15

7. to (in comparison):

to

a

3 (goals) to 1

3 (gol) a 1

superior to sth/sb

superiore a qc/qn

8. to (from opinion of):

to sound strange to sb

suonar strano a qn

it doesn't make any sense to me

non ha senso per me

what's it to them? разг.

che cosa gliene importa a loro?

to all appearances

all' apparenza

9. to (proportion):

one liter to one person

un litro a persona

by a majority of 5 to 1

con una maggioranza di 5 a 1

the odds are 3 to 1

le probabilità sono 3 a 1

10. to (causing):

much to my surprise

con mia grande sorpresa

11. to (by):

to

da

known to sb

conosciuto da qn

12. to (matching):

to

di

the top to this jar

il coperchio di questo barattolo

13. to (of):

to

di

the secretary to the boss

la segretaria del capo

14. to (for purpose of):

to

per

Выражения:

that's all there is to it

questo è tutto

II. to [tu:] infinitive particle

1. to (infinitive: not translated):

to do/walk/put

fare/camminare/mettere

2. to (in command):

I told him to eat

gli ho detto di mangiare

3. to (after interrogative words):

I know what to do

so cosa fare

she didn't know how to say it

non sapeva come dirlo

4. to (wishes):

he wants to listen

vuole ascoltare

she wants to go

vuole andarsene

5. to (purpose):

he comes to see me

viene a trovarmi

to phone to ask sth

telefonare per chiedere qc

6. to (attitude):

she seems to enjoy it

sembra che si diverta

to be honest …

sinceramente…

7. to (future intention):

the work to be done

il lavoro da fare

sth to buy

qc da comprare

8. to (in consecutive acts):

to

per

I came back to find she had left Madrid

quando son tornato ho scoperto che lei se n'era andata via da Madrid

9. to (introducing a complement):

he wants me to tell him a story

vuole che gli racconti una storia

to be too tired to do sth

esser troppo stanco per fare qc

10. to (in general statements):

it is easy to do it

è facile farlo

11. to (in ellipsis):

he doesn't want to eat, but I want to

lui non vuole mangiare, ma io sì

III. to [tu:] НАРЕЧ.

to push the door to

chiudere la porta

Present

I	refer
you	refer
he/she/it	refers
we	refer
you	refer
they	refer

Past

I	referred
you	referred
he/she/it	referred
we	referred
you	referred
they	referred

Present Perfect

I	have	referred
you	have	referred
he/she/it	has	referred
we	have	referred
you	have	referred
they	have	referred

Past Perfect

I	had	referred
you	had	referred
he/she/it	had	referred
we	had	referred
you	had	referred
they	had	referred

Одноязычные примеры (не проверены редакцией PONS)

Despite this success, the magazine had a reputation for low-quality space opera and adventure fiction, and modern literary historians refer to it in dismissive terms.

en.wikipedia.org

Terms such as audio conferencing, telephone conferencing and phone conferencing are also sometimes used to refer to teleconferencing.

en.wikipedia.org

The term is also used to refer to the external application, a computer program that runs outside of the main bulletin board program.

en.wikipedia.org

It can also refer to an atrium, ambulacrum, or parvis in front of a basilica.

en.wikipedia.org

Formal demographers refer to population momentum as the size of the resulting stationary-equivalent population relative to the current size of the population.

en.wikipedia.org